Deferred tax liabilities of €187 million (€388 million at 31 December 2015) are stated net of offsettable prepaid tax assets of €369 million (€515 million at 31 December 2015).
There are no prepaid tax assets which cannot be offset.
| Download XLS (17 kB) | 
(€ million)  | 
      31.12.2015  | 
      Provisions (*)  | 
      Utilisations (*)  | 
      Other changes  | 
      Change in scope of consolidation  | 
      31.12.2016  | 
    ||
        
  | 
    ||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities  | 
      903  | 
      
  | 
      (47)  | 
      30  | 
      (330)  | 
      556  | 
    ||
Prepaid tax assets  | 
      (515)  | 
      (64)  | 
      23  | 
      (25)  | 
      212  | 
      (369)  | 
    ||
  | 
      388  | 
      (64)  | 
      (24)  | 
      5  | 
      (118)  | 
      187  | 
    ||
Deferred tax liabilities and prepaid tax assets break down as follows, based on the most significant temporary differences:
| Download XLS (20 kB) | 
  | 
      31.12.2016  | 
    ||||||||||
(€ million)  | 
      Opening balance  | 
      Provisions  | 
      Utilisations  | 
      Significant impacts on shareholders’ equity (*)  | 
      Other changes  | 
      Change in scope of consolidation  | 
      Final balance  | 
      of which:  | 
    |||
IRES  | 
      IRAP  | 
    ||||||||||
        
  | 
    |||||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities  | 
      903  | 
      
  | 
      (47)  | 
      
  | 
      30  | 
      (330)  | 
      556  | 
      541  | 
      15  | 
    ||
Depreciation and amortisation exclusively for tax purposes  | 
      663  | 
      
  | 
      (26)  | 
      
  | 
      (2)  | 
      (182)  | 
      453  | 
      453  | 
      
  | 
    ||
Revaluation of property, plant and equipment  | 
      141  | 
      
  | 
      (6)  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      (135)  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
    ||
Capital gains subject to deferred taxation  | 
      18  | 
      
  | 
      (14)  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      (4)  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
    ||
Site dismantling and restoration  | 
      57  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      32  | 
      
  | 
      89  | 
      76  | 
      13  | 
    ||
Capitalisation of financial expenses  | 
      10  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      (3)  | 
      7  | 
      6  | 
      1  | 
    ||
Impairment losses on receivables in excess of tax deductibility  | 
      4  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      (1)  | 
      3  | 
      3  | 
      
  | 
    ||
Other temporary differences  | 
      10  | 
      
  | 
      (1)  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      (5)  | 
      4  | 
      3  | 
      1  | 
    ||
  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
    ||
Prepaid tax assets  | 
      (515)  | 
      (64)  | 
      23  | 
      (2)  | 
      (23)  | 
      212  | 
      (369)  | 
      (333)  | 
      (36)  | 
    ||
Site dismantling and restoration  | 
      (144)  | 
      (3)  | 
      3  | 
      
  | 
      (32)  | 
      
  | 
      (176)  | 
      (150)  | 
      (26)  | 
    ||
Provision for risks and charges and other non-deductible provisions  | 
      (119)  | 
      (23)  | 
      6  | 
      
  | 
      3  | 
      62  | 
      (71)  | 
      (66)  | 
      (5)  | 
    ||
Non-repayable and contractual grants  | 
      (104)  | 
      
  | 
      2  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      80  | 
      (22)  | 
      (19)  | 
      (3)  | 
    ||
Non-deductible amortisation and depreciation  | 
      (117)  | 
      (35)  | 
      7  | 
      
  | 
      7  | 
      50  | 
      (88)  | 
      (87)  | 
      (1)  | 
    ||
Employee benefits  | 
      (16)  | 
      (3)  | 
      3  | 
      (2)  | 
      (1)  | 
      11  | 
      (8)  | 
      (7)  | 
      (1)  | 
    ||
Other temporary differences  | 
      (15)  | 
      
  | 
      2  | 
      
  | 
      
  | 
      9  | 
      (4)  | 
      (4)  | 
      
  | 
    ||
Net deferred tax liabilities  | 
      388  | 
      (64)  | 
      (24)  | 
      (2)  | 
      7  | 
      (118)  | 
      187  | 
      208  | 
      (21)  | 
    ||
Prepaid tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are considered to be long term.
Note 29 “Income taxes” provides information about taxes for the year.